Children – abnormality of penoscrotal fusion, with penile corpora tethered to deep fascia of lower abdominal wall.
Adults – largely associated with lymphoedema, obesity or penile injury secondary to surgery, inflammation or recurrent infection.
Acquired buried penis – penis concealed within the subcutaneous tissue of the perineum and pubic area.
Aetiologies:
- Anatomical penile shortening
- Trauma
- Penile cancer and subsequent surgery
- Peyronie’s disease
- Corporal fibrosis
- Excess adipose or skin
- Acquired buried penis
- Congenital
- Abnormal scrotal position, abnormality of penoscrotal fusion
- Micropenis
- Skin loss
- Penile surgery, circumcisions
- Chronic inflammation and BXO
- Chronic scarring
- Fournier’s
Adults may have difficulty passing urine, dribbling, sit to void, sexual dysfunction, psychological distress, painful erections and skin changes.
History
- Weight gain/loss, endocrine conditions, diabetes, thyroid disease, LUTS, sexual function, level of bother, travel to areas endemic for Wuchereria bancrofti (filiariasis)
- Surgical history – particularly circumcision, BXO
Examination
- Lying and standing. Phimosis or balanitis. Stretched penile length.
Goals of treatment:
- Relieve psychological distress
- Reduce associated pain
- Improve sexual function
- Improve urinary function
- Improve cosmetic appearance
Conservative management
- Weight loss (dietary, exercise physiological, bariatric surgery)
- Psychosexual counselling
- VED / traction devices
MDT approach – dietitian, plastics, psychology, wound nurses, anaesthetists, bariatric surgeons
Penile and scrotal reconstruction:
- Fat removal and unburying techniques – lipectomy, excision of suprapubic fat pad, division of suprapubic ligament, apronectomy/abdominoplasty
- Penile implants
- Scrotoplasty
Principles of successful buried penis surgery:
- Release or excision of scarred and damaged skin
- Removal of as much pannus as possible
- Reestablishment of normal male pubic region
- Reattachment of median raphe to base of penis
- Resurfacing of denuded penile skin with split thickness grafts, trying to avoid contracture
- Immobilisation of graft with dressings