Systemic granulomatous inflammatory disease which can affect all organ systems – primarily the lungs.
Genitourinary manifestation is rare.
Hilar lymphadenopathy in the chest is usual hallmark feature.
Scrotal involvement
Often presents as a solid, usually painless mass, in the epididymis or testis.
Can also present as scrotal skin lesions
Renal involvement
Hypercalcaemia common in sarcoidosis – at least 10 % – and hypercalciuria very common (60 %) – therefore stones common in patients with sarcoidosis. Also associated with nephrocalcinosis.
Macrophages in sarcoid granulomas synthesise 1α-hydroxylase, which increases production of 1,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol, which increases intestinal reabsorption of calcium and promotes bone resorption
Can develop pseudotumours – non caseating granulomas – which may mimic renal masses on imaging.